|
Main / Automotive
Glossary
AutonomyEE Times: "Unpredictability isn’t an edge case that can be fixed with AI; it's the default setting for the real world." Active safety systems like ABS, stability control, etc are NOT “driving automation”.
Levels 1 – 4 are “ODD-specific”. Levels 4-5 mean NO driver, only a passenger. Levels are assigned, rather than measured, and reflect the design intent for the driving automation system feature as defined by its manufacturer. Therefore a feature is NOT non-compliant or unsafe against the SAE definition document. It is incorrect to describe driving automation features using fractional SAE J3016 levels, such as 2.5 or 4.7 It is not logically possible for a given feature to be assigned more than a single level. The feature is either capable of the advanced level or not. But it is possible to deliver a feature at different levels in different usage specifications. Though I'm enthusiastic about autonomous cars, I think that it will be a long time before we see affordable and reliable level 5 autonomy. This is a very hard problem. It's probably 90% solved, but the next 10% will require 90% of the development time. As someone said: trains still crash. And they run on tracks! -Jack Ganssle, 2019 EE Times 2019: Autonomous vehicle technology typically involves some type of machine learning, especially for object detection and classification. Machine learning training has the potential to introduce systematic faults. As this process can be of critical importance to the safe operation of the vehicle, this can lead to the need for the data collection and learning system to be developed according to safety standards, with attention given to reducing hazards such as unintended bias or distortion in the collected data. DesignPower Train2019 range specs: 17.6 kWh might do 58 miles, up to 100 kWh in the Teslas can run for over 300 miles. SensorsLiDAR and RADAR units may use CAN for data out, but often Ethernet because of improved throughput. In 2018, 77Ghz is the preferred choice for automotive. CAN bus classical max xfer rate is 500kbps. QualityIn 2019, there are no ASIL D rated components for high bandwidth communication (Ethernet, MIPI, PCIe). You can still use these in an ASIL D system by providing two ASIL B links instead as long as they have independent failure modes. CodeHow much code is there in a modern vehicle? According to the June issue of IEEE's Computing Edge magazine, in 2016 Ford announced their F-150 pickup has 150 million lines. "With the AUTOSAR standard becoming increasingly popular, I think the challenge will be to find ASIL-D drivers for the TC397 that would be a lot cheaper than the standard MCAL. I have had customers go for the AUTOSAR solution because it turned out to be more cost effective compared to the cost/risk of developing that in house or getting a contractor to create it." -ETAS MandatesMandated Safety and Controls
New HW Developments in the IndustryGMSL - Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link (GMSL) serializer and deserializers (SerDes) are high-speed communication ICs that fully support the high bandwidth, complex interconnect, and data integrity requirements needed to support evolving automotive infotainment and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Some manufacturers are creating GMSL cameras (serdes cameras) that apparently are designed to interface to these GMSL chips. The trend in this space is towards single wire connections where possible. There's always been a search to reduce the length of cabling needed simply because of the size, weight, cost of running wires all over the car, and making circuit boards smaller. There's also the reliability issue and the drive toward minimal failure vectors, so the idea is to serialize everything as much as possible. Some interfaces are reduced to one single wire that handles TX and RX and CLK. |